Initially isolated from bone marrow aspirates and human skin fibroblasts, this cell population expresses the pluripotency marker stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) as well as the mesenchymal cell marker CD105 [25, 25].
Depending on the information they can provide, biomarkers may be used in diagnostics as prediction tools (e.g. subclinical markers, risk or vulnerability markers), or as diseases signatures (e.g. disease markers, stage or progression markers) (see Figure 1).
For this, we focused on the earliest time point at which these cells can be molecularly identified in Xenopus tropicalis: that is, stage 18, using spib, mpo, and cebpa as markers; stage 20, using spi1 as a marker; and stage 23, using mmp7 as a marker.
These cells express CD9, CD10, CD13, CD73, CD105, CD166, and other markers but show only a weak or no expression of the embryonic markers stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), Oct-4 and nanog-3.
The maGSC line SSC5 expressed the pluripotency markers stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) and Oct3/4 under all culture conditions similarly to the ESC line MPI-II.
Hamy, A. S. et al. BIRC5 (survivin): a pejorative prognostic marker in stage II/III breast cancer with no response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Overexpression of MAP4K4 was associated with worse prognosis and is a prognostic marker for stage II PDAs.
However, it can act as a useful prognostic marker for stage IIA of cancers.
Furthermore this study highlights the importance of APAF1 as a prognostic marker for Stage III colorectal cancer, but also as a marker for chemotherapy response.
