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Therefore assumptions about the transmission mechanism are being made based on what can be monitored and thus for example intracellular 5-HT is often used as a marker of release, even if only a fraction of this is actually released [33, 34]. Figure 1 Chromatographic responses in 3 month old ileum tissue, showing traces from intracellular (I) and extracellular (E) sampling.
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Extracellular DNA levels are a marker of NET release.
Since pain sensitivity is a marker of endorphin release, the group workouts produced more of a high.
Copeptin is therefore easier to measure than vasopressin, and could be used as a marker of vasopressin release [ 5, 10].
According to previous studies, PG-metabolite is also a reliable and sensitive marker of ET release in cattle, pigs and goats [ 12, 13, 23].
In summary, plasma CgA is a marker of serotonin release (most likely from enterochromaffin cells) after dacarbazine and nitrogen mustard-based chemotherapies, exocytosis being the most likely mechanism for the release of serotonin.
LDH release as a marker of loss of cellular membrane integrity was significantly higher following exposure to H-PDF than to F-PDF (H-PDF/F-PDF 887 ± 277% mean ± SD, p = 0.011).
Serum leptin (a marker of adiposity released exclusively by adipocytes) and IGF-1 (the hormone largely responsible for linear growth) again both rose progressively throughout.
The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate whether levels of endotoxin and PG-metabolite are elevated in pyometra bitches with moderately to severely depressed general condition, and 2) to explore if the endotoxin levels are correlated to PG-metabolite levels, hematological or serum biochemistry parameters possible to use as markers of endotoxin release.
Cell free supernatants were harvested following centrifugation at 500 ×g for 5 min at 4°C and analysed for degranulated proteins: MPO as a marker of primary granule release, hCAP-18 as a marker of secondary granule release, and MMP-9 as a marker of tertiary granule release, by Western blotting.
Muscle twitch rise time is commonly used as a marker of intracellular calcium release.
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