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Similarly, PD-1 has been shown to be a marker of recent antigenic exposure as well as exhaustion in CD8+ T cells [53].
Comparison of the HI titer distribution in pre-pandemic and post- pandemic sera from children under 15 years of age showed this threshold to be a highly specific marker of recent infection [5].
Previous studies have shown that the IgM antibody detected by the assay is a reliable marker of recent HEV infection and that the seroprevalence of IgG antibody reflects the cumulative exposure of a study population to HEV [37], [38].
Consistent with the lower numbers of peripheral γδ T cells in Lck+/− γδTCR Tg mice was the finding that there were fewer DN γδ T cells in these mice that expressed CD24, a marker of recent thymic emigrant γδ T cells [36], and that there were more cells that expressed CD44, a marker of activated cells, memory cells, and/or cells undergoing homeostatic proliferation [36] [38] (Fig. 4B).
Burst suppression patterns in the electroencephalogram are a reliable marker of recent severe brain insult.
The iHS belongs to the Extended Haplotype Homozygosity statistic "family" [ 46] and is a marker of recent positive selection [ 30].
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FACS analysis of the thymus of S1PLH/H mice showed the characteristic increase in the proportion of single positive thymocytes (Fig. 12A) with markers of recent thymic emigrants (Fig. 12B) also being observed in S1PL−/− mice.
To explore the post-streptococcal autoimmunity spectrum, we used western blot analyses, to screen 310 sera from healthy subjects with (33%) and without (67%) markers of recent streptococcal infections [anti-Streptolysin O (ASLO) or anti-DNAse B (ADB)].
Most (Bellin and Chow 1974; Gomes et al. 1998; Leng and Lewalter 1999; Ohayo-Mitoko et al. 2000) although not all (Ciesielski et al. 1994; Lee et al. 2003) studies found increased symptom prevalence associated with inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity, a bio-marker of recent organophosphate exposure.
We found no association between blood platelets and markers of recent exposure to PM (Table 2).
D-dimers are early fibrin degradation products, and therefore markers of recent thrombus formation.
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