To address these issues, we designed a phase 1 trial utilizing widely available technology to 1) evaluate the safety of a single radiation treatment delivered preoperatively to the small-volume, intact breast tumor and 2) identify imaging and genomic markers of radiation response.
The goal of these studies was to establish a panel of radiation responsive genes and discover new molecular biological markers of radiation response [25].
From the enlarged set: EFNA1, EIF2AK2, FAM38A, MED1, MGEF8, PPL, SCARA3, SMO, and ZFHX4), several of these genes could be potential markers of radiation-induced thyroid tumors, independently of the histology and the internal external type of radiation exposure.
This association may represent initial evidence that telangiectasiae can be used as a marker of future radiation-induced cardiac complications.
Research should focus on identifying molecular markers for radiation sensitivity while designing specific, targeted modulators of the radiation response in early breast cancer.
Here, we survey DNA DSB induction and repair in whole cells from RS patients, as revealed by γH2AX foci assays, as potential predictive markers of clinical radiation response.
Further, Nuc-Stat5a remained an independent marker of prognosis when radiation therapy was included in multivariate analyses (data not shown).
Thus, HJURP may have clinical potential as a marker of prognosis and radiation sensitivity; further validation with tissues from randomised controlled trials is needed.
The use of SPECT computed tomography rather than planar SPECT improves detection of tracer deposition in the gallbladder [ 31] and might therefore serve as a marker for increased risk of radiation cholecystitis.
To summarise, the data presented here support the hypothesis that at least some breast cancer patients, who develop severe reactions to radiotherapy, have an intrinsic radiosensitivity that can be identified in peripheral blood lymphocytes by quantifying gene expression response to IR and that CDKN1A is a surrogate marker for early effects of radiation therapy.
Some measurements serve as biomarkers for "dose"—for example, residual radiation in tooth enamel as a marker of exposure to ionizing radiation (Desrosiers and Schauer 2001)—whereas other measures are more indirect for example, urinary cotinine level as an indicator of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Woodward and Al Delaimy 1999).
