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Lactate is a well-known marker of hemodynamic instability and disease severity in patients with shock.
Lactate is an established marker of hemodynamic instability and prognosis in critically ill patients [4 6].
Oliguria can be a marker of hemodynamic instability or acute renal failure.
An elevated blood lactate concentration is a classic marker of hemodynamic instability and tissue hypoperfusion.
Finally, we analyzed the increase in heart rate/mean arterial pressure index as a dynamic surrogate marker of hemodynamic compromise.
Secondary endpoints were dose of vasopressors as a marker of hemodynamic stability, reductions in net fluid balance as a marker of vascular permeability, and platelet count as a marker of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
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We considered high heart rate (> 130 beats per minute), low mean arterial pressure (< 65 mmHg), low cardiac output index (< 2.5 L/measuredmeasured by thermodilution techniques or by arterial pulse contour analysis, increased lactate levels (> 22 mg/dl) and vasoactive drug treatment, as markers of hemodynamic failure.
These data support the value of combining markers of hemodynamic stress with traditional approaches to risk assessment in non-ST elevation of myocardial infarction.
Furthermore, if a long delay to sternal closure and a long duration of RRT were considered markers of hemodynamic impairment, then switching to HFOV may have resulted in hemodynamic improvement in the present cohort, since both the delay to sternal closure and the duration of RRT were slightly reduced in the HFOV group (Table 1).
As cardiovascular function is the key variable in many critically ill patients, BNP and NT-proBNP - as quantitative markers of hemodynamic cardiac stress and heart failure summarizing the extent of systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, valvular dysfunction, and right ventricular dysfunction - have been shown to be predictors of death in several previous studies.
We considered high heart rate (> 130 beats per minute), low mean arterial pressure (< 65 mmHg), low cardiac output index (< 2.5 L/min/m) measured by thermodilution techniques or by arterial pulse contour analysis, increased lactate levels (> 22 mg/dl) and vasoactive drug treatment, as markers of hemodynamic failure.
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