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To explore this we determined if the macrophage mannose receptor, CD206, a marker of alternatively activated macrophages was differentially expressed between MDM and PMAr THP-1 cells [37].
In this study, we observed that rapidly after infection by A. fumigatus, alveolar macrophages predominantly express Arginase 1 (arg1), a key marker of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs).
MR is also a marker of alternatively activated macrophages (AAM).
CD163 is a marker of alternatively activated macrophage phenotype and had more extensive, punctuate expression in CD68-rich regions (supplementary data, Figs. 1 6H).
ARG1, a marker of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) [ 68] with an important role in tissue remodelling and wound healing [ 69], was up-regulated 3 and 33 dpi but down-regulated 22 dpi at the intact sites.
Arginase 1 (aRG1), a typical marker of alternatively activated macrophages (M2), central downstream effector cell of the Th2 response, implied the pronounced activation of M2 and their rapid recruitment both at the onset and at the end of infection (Fig. 2G).
Similar(54)
While only few up-regulated genes were signature of classically activated M1 macrophage phenotype [22] [24], several of the regulated genes corresponded to markers of alternatively activated macrophages, including CCL18 [25], CD209 [26], mannose receptor C type (MRC -1 [3], fibronectin-1 [3] and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 [25].
Markers of alternatively activated phenotype were significantly increased in brain of DMF-treated EAE-affected mice in the early phase of disease (Fig. 6b).
Such anti-inflammatory mediators are considered markers of alternatively activated macrophages (aamφ) [ 6- 10] and implicate secreted cytokines as pathophysiological agents in Gaucher disease.
Moreover, bosutinib and dasatinib elevated the expression of bona fide markers of 'regulatory' macrophages including SPHK1, LIGHT and arginase 1 without affecting the expression of markers of alternatively activated macrophages such as FIZZ, Ym1 and Mgl2.
Moreover, bosutinib and dasatinib elevated the expression of SPHK1, LIGHT and arginase 1 without affecting the expression of FIZZ, YM1 and Mgl2, which are markers of alternatively activated (M2a) macrophages generated in response to IL-4.
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