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CRP is an acute-phase reactant marker for underlying systemic inflammation and a strong predictor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction (Anderson et al. 1998).
Herein we highlight the clinical importance of observing for evidence of bilateral EDB wasting as a marker for underlying lumbar canal stenosis.
There is substantial debate whether inflammation is directly playing a pathophysiologic role or whether it is simply a marker for underlying processes that affect both insulin sensitivity and inflammation levels (10).
On the basis of our nationwide data, we do not agree with Miranda et al. that CSDH should be considered as a surrogate marker for underlying chronic medical conditions [ 4].
For instance, paw thickness uses dimensional changes in the paw as a surrogate marker for underlying edema and inflammation, while clinical score assessment is a subjective assessment of paw swelling and erythema.
Miranda et al., based on a single center data, suggest that CSDH could be considered as a surrogate marker for underlying chronic diseases, which explains an accelerated mortality despite initial successful treatment [ 4].
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensing is an important aspect in the biomedical field of capnography, where cheap, fast and accurate measurement of exhaled CO2 vs. time is crucial in the evaluation of lung and tracheal function during surgical anaesthesia and is an under-used bio-marker for underlying respiratory conditions.
Following the introduction of antidepressants and neuroleptics, which all interfere with hormonal secretion, all kinds of changes in the neuroendocrine regulation were considered as surrogate markers for underlying pathologies.
As the driving mechanisms of leukemia pathogenesis become further defined, and the inhibition of said mechanisms at a molecular level are correlated to clinical response, future studies should enroll patients on the basis of these molecular features, perhaps in isolation of clinical features, as variables such as age and secondary disease are intermediate markers for underlying pathobiology.
Often these disorders are markers for underlying pathology.
In this study we profiled proteins and miRNAs in clinical fluids to identify potential molecular markers for underlying lung disease in military personnel who deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan and were enrolled in the Army's STAMPEDE study.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com