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However, some of the cadherin-9-positive cells also expressed α−smooth muscle actin, a marker for smooth muscle cells and activated fibroblasts (Fig. 8B).
To examine the effects of CCV-PNS and -SNS transplantation on angiogenesis after SCI, sagittal and axial sections of the injured spinal cord were examined immunohistochemically for αSMA (a marker for smooth muscle cells) or PECAM-1 (a marker for endothelial cells).
Tendon-derived cells stained D7-FIB (fibroblast-marker) positive, but α-SMA (marker for smooth muscle cells and pericytes) negative.
h-CaD is thought to be an useful marker for smooth muscle tumors, but the role(s) of l-CaD has not been examined in tumors.
Thus, h-CaD is thought to be an extremely useful marker for smooth muscle tumors and has been used to identify soft tissue tumors with myofibroblastic characteristics [ 10].
The expression of α-MSA, a specific marker for smooth muscle cells, and CD133, a marker for endothelial progenitor cells, was detected by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR.
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We tested various antibodies to find suitable markers for smooth muscle- and endothelial cells in the coronary vasculature.
In cell aggregates, colabelling with alpha-smooth muscle actin, a marker for vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, was detected).
VSMCs can be triggered to transdifferentiate into calcified vascular cells (C-VSMCs), loosing the phenotypic markers responsible for smooth muscle cell contractility [ 3, 4].
Immunostaining using α-actin smooth muscle antibody, a marker for blood perivascular smooth muscle cells, also attested the presence of vascularisation in layers surrounding the granulosa cells.
In vessels previously subjected to OPT scanning, (immuno)staining for markers of smooth muscle (α-smooth muscle actin), macrophages (Mac2) and collagen (picro-sirius red) all occurred with the expected intensity and distribution (Figures 2c).
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