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The results of a recently published study show that VEGF assessed immunohistochemically from pretreatment tumour biopsies may be a useful marker for rectal tumour response to preoperative RT (Zlobec et al, 2005a).
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There are no known tumour-specific markers for rectal cancer.
Biological markers for identifying rectal cancer patients at high risk of poorer clinical outcome would improve the selection of patients for preoperative therapy.
Recently, several reports suggested that a high BCL-2/BAX or BCL-XL/BAX ratio is positively correlated with progression of several diseases or malignant tumors and that the BCL-2/BAX ratio may serve as a prognostic marker for patients with rectal carcinomas.
It is a marker for monitoring colon and rectal cancers.
However, C. septicum infection may be a marker for a silent colonic or rectal malignancy [ 40].
We have identified miR-21-5p as a promising predictive marker for response to nCRT in rectal cancer patients.
Interestingly, a previous study also demonstrated that APAF1 positivity was a significant marker for complete tumour regression in rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (Zlobec et al, 2006).
There is currently no tissue-based marker, which is recommended as a prognostic factor by the European Group on Tumour Markers for patients with rectal cancer (Duffy et al, 2007).
The k-ras gene seems to be a good genetic marker for detecting circulating tumour cells from rectal cancer patients.
We used k-ras exon 1 as the only tumour cell-associated marker to determine the presence of disseminated tumour cells in peritoneal lavage samples from patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer.
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