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The purpose of this study was to compare immunohistochemical expression of heat shock protein-70 (hsp70), a marker for oxidative stress, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts (HNE), a marker for lipid peroxidation, in placental villous tissue of normotensive, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pregnancies.
The pathological altered intima was strongly positive for adipophilin, a marker for lipid accumulation [16], whereas unaffected areas of the intima were negative for adipophilin (Additional file 7).
Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the location of PrPC expression in RK13MoPrP cells was at the cell surface and colocalized with the glycosphingolipid GM1, a marker for lipid rafts (Fig. 1B).
The cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CT-B; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA), which serves a marker for lipid rafts [45], at a concentration of 10 µg/ml in D-PBS for 1 h on ice.
These findings could be confirmed by using 4-HNE as a marker for lipid peroxidation.
GM1 is the predominant ganglioside in neuronal membranes and is often used as marker for lipid rafts.
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Renal markers, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, antioxidant enzymes as well as markers for lipid peroxidation were determined using established protocols.
Markers for lipid metabolism and inflammation were reduced after 6 weeks in the flaxseed group (Table 2); however, there were no significant differences compared with placebo.
In this study, the effect of khat administration alone or with gentamicin was studied in terms of alteration of renal markers, including creatinine, BUN, antioxidant enzymes as well as markers for lipid peroxidation.
19 A small (N = 13) study of healthy males designed to determine the body's response to the stress of hypoglycemia found an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, markers for lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and leukocytosis.
Opperman et al. have carried out a meta-analysis of fourteen randomised, controlled clinical trials to determine if low GI diets, compared with conventional or high GI diets, have beneficial effects on markers for lipid metabolism.
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