A study of special interest is the study of Novak et al (2002), which performed an analysis of 400 microsatellite markers for instability in 46 patients with B-CLL.
Smyrk, T. C., Watson, P., Kaul, K. & Lynch, H. T. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes are a marker for microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma.
The number of different breakpoints detected within individual chromosomes is usually considered as a surrogate marker for chromosomal instability in cancer.
Measuring telomere length, a marker for chromosomal instability, may improve the utility of balloon cytology for detecting ESD and early ESCC.
In addition, mean squared successive differences (MSSD) within a day were calculated as a marker for emotional instability for a detailed description of the MSSD see [ 78, 79].
In the present study, aneusomy of chromosome 18 appeared to be a good marker for genomic instability at the enterovesical anastomosis, but concomitant aneusomy of chromosomes 8 or 9 may be a more discerning marker to identify those patients who will develop a cancer.
Considering that chromosomal regions around 8q24 are unstable (Huppi et al, 2008), our observations from clinical samples suggest that whether or not c-MYC (8q24) region is included in the process of genomic gain involving some parts of chromosome 8 might be a surrogate marker for genomic instability and critical determinant of poor-clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinomas.
MMP-8 is further involved in various inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis, where both expression as well as protease activity are higher in vulnerable plaques than in stable plaques (Herman et al. 2001; Molloy et al. 2004), indicating that MMP-8 may be useful as a marker for plaque instability in atherosclerosis.
When LOH mutations next to these genes have been analyzed in combination with additional DNA molecular markers for genomic instability, the risk of progression increases by over 4 fold at 10 years (relative risk of 38.7) [ 33].
For this study, we tested the SEP measures of median household income, proportion of respondents with low education (i.e., no high school diploma), percent of males unemployed (as a marker for full-time income instability), and percent living in poverty as confounders.
