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We demonstrate the potential use of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence as a marker for HIV risk within MENA.
These results suggest that AIDSVAX immunization may boost preexisting immune responses due to pre-infection exposure, and a vaccine-induced immune profile may serve as a biological marker for HIV susceptibility.
HIV-DNA levels in peripheral blood monononuclear cells (PBMC) is another major predictive marker for HIV disease progression representing a phenotype not yet studied in either candidate gene or GWA approaches [8], [9].
Nonetheless, trends in new HIV diagnoses have been used as a marker for HIV incidence in previous studies in Taiwan [39] and Australia [40], [41], and have been consistent with trends in estimates of HIV incidence in San Francisco based on other methods [42].
The use of absolute lymphocyte count as a marker for HIV progression has been argued in many quarters over the years [ 4- 7].
Studies have suggested that when the absolute lymphocyte count is used in conjunction with blood hemoglobin, it gives a more sensitive marker for HIV progression [ 6, 8] with other studies discrediting the use of TLC in such settings [ 9, 10].
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This more rapid decline in CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios, both markers for HIV and SIV progression, supports the more rapid SIV progression observed among the co-infected animals.
Inflammation increases HIV replication and CD4 T cell depletion [ 1] and markers of inflammation are potential candidates as prognostic markers for HIV.
Many studies demonstrated the alteration of CD4+ T cell count and the level of HIV viral load which are the markers for HIV disease progression.
Thus, there is a need for robust, reliable prognostic markers for HIV infection that can also be used in resource-limited settings.
The publication rate (number of HIV/AIDS research publications per million population in 10 years) and the rate of articles published in HIV/AIDS journals and selected journals with moderate to very high (IF ≥3) 5-year impact factors were used as markers for HIV research productivity.
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