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Statin use in observational studies may be a surrogate marker for higher socioeconomic standards, access to health care or use of other preventive services.
Because of this sex difference, some scientists believe that a low ratio could be a marker for higher prenatal testosterone levels, although it's not clear how the hormone might influence finger development.
Imprisonment may simply be a surrogate of a higher demand for heroin, and therefore a marker for higher prevalence of risky behaviours.
We examined the possibility that our findings could be because smoking status is a marker for higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes.
For IV vancomycin, however, this association may represent not a causal relationship, but rather a marker for higher illness severity and, thus, confounding by indication.
Consequently, the presence of a bleeding complication could have been a marker for higher disease severity; hence, these patients might have been expected to have higher mortality.
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Questionnaires designed to probe personality types, given to a thousand soldiers, found that those infected exhibited altered levels of novelty seeking, which, he says, is a common psychological marker for high dopamine levels.
There are many such items in the house: a vintage silver trump marker for high-toned bridge players; vintage cocktail shakers and jiggers; antique millinery irons that were used to make silk leaves; and a top hat and a shoe made of tin, so-called whimsies that were given as 10th wedding anniversary gifts in a gentler era.
This would suggest that miR-182-5p miR-182-5p miR-182-5pr hish grade PCa.
In three of these the mothers were HBeAg positive (a marker for high infectivity).
In 3 of these, the mothers were HBeAg positive (a marker for high infectivity).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com