Retrotransposons are not only excellent markers for exploring population history, but can also give rise to population-specific diseases.
Our survey highlights the value of combined mitochondrial and nuclear markers for exploring unknown groups such as soil-feeding termites, and their relevance for resolving the taxonomy of organisms with ambiguous morphological diagnostic characters.
The availability of large numbers of SNP which could be turned into markers [ 10, 11] has enhanced the opportunities for marker-assisted selection, allowing for exploring wider genetic bases through association mapping [ 12, 13].
Thus, proteomic characterization of CVF is suited for exploring markers of genital tract infections or pregnancy status or overall evaluation of reproductive tract.
The limited number of SNP markers diagnostic for tuber quality traits described in this and previous papers (Draffehn et al. 2010; Fischer et al. 2013; Li et al. 2013) can serve as a marker toolkit of low complexity for exploring the feasibility of genomic selection in the polyploid, noninbred potato crop (Nakaya and Isobe 2012).
The profiling of renal surface antigens initiated here forms the basis for exploring other markers and for investigating the function of suggested progenitor cell sub-populations in the renal context (Fig. 9).
The relationship between these new markers may provide a basis for exploring the relationship between coagulation pathways and clot quality.
The EST-SSRs frequency is dependent on the search parameters for exploring SSR markers, e.g. the repeat length threshold and the number of repeat motifs unit.
Local scale studies involving cross-generational approaches with molecular markers are known to be useful for exploring the interactions between selection, assortative mating and dispersal in natural hybrid populations [ 18].
UPLC/Q-TOF-MS with multivariate statistical analysis represents an efficient method for exploring the chemical markers in the raw and processed R. palmatum material, as well as investigating the mechanisms associated with the processing, quality control, and safe application of R. palmatum.
