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The primary outcome in Ravi 2004 was the number of days needed to return to work and this was considered a surrogate marker for effectiveness of treatment and well-being of the patient.
Coinfection with these viruses, especially with HCV, is a strong prognostic marker for effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment [ 6, 7].
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First, CTC can survive chemotherapy and therefore can be a predictive marker for the effectiveness of treatment.
It remains unknown whether change in MPD with AI therapy may be a useful early marker for monitoring effectiveness of adjuvant treatment.
BUN, a waste product of protein catabolism, has been extensively studied in dialysis patients and is an important target for removal by (hemo) dialysis, as well as a marker for the effectiveness of dialysis.
Combined, our data suggest that endotrophin levels are a strong prognostic marker for the effectiveness of the combination therapy of TZDs with cisplatin, and neutralization of endotrophin activity dramatically improves the therapeutic response to combination therapy.
This protein can bind pRB and there is a report that E2F4 expression level is a useful predictive marker for the effectiveness of intravesical BCG therapy that can predict clinical outcomes, including recurrence, progression, and survival in patients with BC [ 26].
These data are important firstly because they add further validity to changing Ki67 at 2 weeks being an intermediate marker of effectiveness, thereby supporting the use of this marker for drug development and studies of mechanisms of resistance.
In colorectal cancer, both intratumoural TS and DPD gene expression have been indicated to be positive predictive markers for the effectiveness of 5-FU or UFT combined with leucovorin (Salonga et al, 2000; Ichikawa et al, 2003).
Another clinical application of EPCs is their use as a marker for validation of effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy.
Therefore, some authors have proposed that the Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints (DAS28) is an inappropriate marker for assessing the effectiveness of TCZ therapy for patients with RA [ 5– 7].
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