To determine if cyclodextrin, similarly to ionomycin, induces lysosomal exocytosis, the culture media of Wt and NPC1 cells were analyzed for the presence of the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase (β-hex) as a marker for lysosomal content secretion.
When measuring NAO fluorescence as a marker for mitochondrial content, we found that mutants grisea and PaCox17::ble indeed contain significantly more mitochondria than the WT WTT: 100%, grisea: 160% [p<0.001 vs. WT], PaCox17::ble: 217% [p<0.001 vs. WT]) (Fig. 3B).
Using the glycine/total peak area ratio as marker for glycine content, this trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.19).
Based on these results, BARC1.01Gm20_31610452 is the most precise marker for protein content yet to be identified.
Indeed, we also observed that citrate synthase activity, which is largely used as a marker for mitochondrial content, was 2-fold higher in cold-acclimated goldfish.
It is thus possible that skin fluorescence may act as a surrogate marker for AGE content and provide an opportunity for noninvasive measurement of these products (6, 8, 10, 11).
It has been previously shown that resveratrol [ 31] and SRT1720 [ 32] increases citrate synthase activity, an enzymatic marker for mitochondrial content, in skeletal muscle of mice treated with these compounds.
Several studies have found association between COX-2 expression and aromatase expression at the transcriptional level [ 35, 36, 48], and at the protein level using IHC [ 27, 49, 50], supporting that COX-2 may be used as a surrogate marker for aromatase content in tumor tissue [ 41].
The identification of a common set of genes differentially expressed in DGAT transgenics and Brassica NILs differing in oil content is also noteworthy as these may serve as markers for oil content.
Instead, it was Obama who laid down firm markers for the content and direction of the next round.
