And second, we introduce a procedure to complement the ml-FFR approach (used by Doyle to infer species boundaries from several markers) with an analysis of the congruence between markers, by scoring each possible bipartition of the set of individuals according to the number of independent marker supporting it.
Moreover, even though dominant visible mutations are rare on the X chromosome, the principle of pairs of dominant markers can be applied by scoring recessive markers in male recombinant progeny.
Markers are selected by scoring each individual gene on the basis of the extent to which its expression pattern discriminates between different classes of disease or between cases and controls.
After having established the linkages, the genetic gain can be accelerated by scoring for markers associated with the QTLs for two generations without phenotypic observation.
The map position of notch3 st51 was refined by scoring SSLP markers from linkage group 3 (LG3) in notch st51 mapping crosses as described (Talbot and Schier, 1999).
Differentiation was monitored using genetic markers (BAG1, SAG1, SAG4) (28 30) and by scoring changes in parasitemia and number of parasites per vacuole (data not shown).
A DG genetic map was constructed by scoring 1,772 DG markers in 137 RILs derived from BTx623 and IS3620C.
One hundred and forty-six of these lines were genotyped by scoring 97 microsatellite markers (Supplementary Table S1), and a Gifu × L. burttii genetic map, syntenic to the Gifu × MG-20 map, was constructed (Supplementary Table S1).
The established reference map for the zebrafish genome is the MGH map [ 5- 7] which was generated by scoring 3,881 microsatellite markers (all of them CA repeats) on a panel of 48 diploid F2 fish of an India × AB reference cross.
Each tumor marker was scored by one single observer; ER, PR and HER2 by WZ, EGFR and CK5/6 by CJ and SISH by RMA.
