But hypoxia-induced factor-1 is a sensitive marker for alterations in oxygen utilization or delivery and has broad-spectrum downstream targets [i.e., implicated in activating genes involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, anaerobic metabolism (e.g. [50])].
Failure to evaluate the evolution in disease severity might lead one to find a relationship where, in fact, the observation is simply a marker for alterations in severity of illness.
In this cross-sectional study we investigated the possible association between self-reported use of wireless telephones and serum TTR concentrations as a marker of alterations in CSF TTR, possibly reflecting an effect of RF.
Superparamagnetic ultrasmall iron oxide particle thus provides a good marker for alterations in blood volume in different tissues, a characteristic that might be exploited for tumour detection and characterisation, such as in human brain (Enochs et al, 1999; Varallyay et al, 2002; Taschner et al, 2005).
In the present report we tested whether long-term and/or short-term use of wireless telephones was associated with changed concentrations of TTR in the serum as a marker of alterations in CSF TTR, possibly reflecting an effect of RF.
Using conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II by conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine as a marker for alterations in autophagy [35], the cellular response of H4 cells in the presence of a specific inhibitor of LRRK2 kinase function, LRRK2-in1 [28], was examined.
Background. – The mild errors or morphogenesis (MEMs) are well known and accepted markers of alterations in embryonic development with predictive value in identification of major malformations, specific genetic syndromes, metabolic and psychiatric disease and childhood malignancy.
Molecular markers identifying alterations in proliferation and apoptotic pathways could be particularly important in characterizing high-risk normal or pre-neoplastic tissue.
Recently it has been suggested that MIF is a critical effector of organ injury in systemic lupus erythematosus in the absence of major changes in T-cell and B-cell markers or alterations in autoantibody production [ 35].
