It has been suggested that combined screening approaches involving ultrasonographic and biochemical markers from first to second trimester performed better than single markers alone in terms of sensitivity and/or specificity [ 20, 21].
Interestingly, the plasma concentration of a byproduct of the preproadrenomedullin cleavage, the mid-regional proadrenomedullin, has been used as a prognostic marker, alone or in risk stratification with other propeptides such as procalcitonin, in children and in adult patients with sepsis and severe pneumonia [ 4].
CD27 was used as a memory B cell marker, alone or in combination with IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgM.
These findings indicate a potential for the use of this epigenetic marker, alone or in combination with other markers, both for early detection of breast cancer and for clinical, routine risk assessment in patients with breast cancer.
This marker, alone or in combination with other neuron-specific, brain-derived proteins (neuron-specific enolase, Tau and phosphorylated Tau, and the astrocytic protein S100b), has been extensively evaluated and validated in all forms of human prion diseases (for comprehensive reports see [ 43- 45]).
Using commercial kit, CYFRA 21-1 is easily assessable and its role as prognostic marker alone (Pujol et al, 2004) or in combination (Barlési et al, 2004) has been demonstrated.
In comparison with the performance of each single marker alone (Fig. 5), these data imply that in combination the sensitivity and specificity of the markers can be improved.
If the majority of patients had increased CA125, in the first place no marker alone or marker combination could improve on it.
The aim of this study was to measure the levels of TREM-1 and HLA-DR on monocytes and the serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with AP to determine whether these markers, alone or in combination, can be used in the early identification of patients at high risk of developing severe AP or infection.
