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However, when mice were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS in the cortex and hippocampus were markedly upregulated at 2 h after LPS injection, accompanied by significantly increased protein level of IL-1β at 6 h after the usage of LPS pretreatment in the LPS-stimulated group.
Furthermore, whereas COX-1 expression is independent of the inflammatory status in the joint tissue, COX-2 is markedly upregulated at sites of inflammation [12].
We confirmed that PHB was markedly upregulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels in BC tissues compared with adjacent normal urothelial tissues.
It is expressed at low concentration on the surface of non-activated neutrophils, but can be markedly upregulated at the onset of sepsis [ 3].
Ciccia and colleagues [ 53] reported that IL-23 was markedly upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in the terminal ileum in comparison with healthy controls.
As shown in Figure 2, PTOV1 was markedly upregulated at both the protein and mRNA levels in all eight human primary breast cancer samples compared with the matched adjacent noncancerous breast tissues.
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85 The fact that DEAF1 was markedly upregulated (~6-fold) at 110 vs. 80 days supports its role in the process of lactogenesis.
In support of the effect of OCT1 on transactivating synbindin promoter, ectopic expression of OCT1 markedly upregulated synbindin expression at mRNA and protein levels (figure 4D,E).
One of these is αvβ3 integrin, which is not expressed on resting quiescent endothelial cells but is markedly upregulated in endothelial cells at sites of angiogenesis, including wound repair and angiogenesis induced in response to human breast tumor cells [ 41].
Upon FGF2 stimulation, tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 and S727 was markedly upregulated by 1 h and sustained until at least 24 h.
Furthermore, although RIP1 and RIP3 were endogenously expressed in unstimulated microglia, they were markedly upregulated in LPS-primed microglia at both transcription and protein levels.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com