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Comparative analyses of the complete genomes of L. major, L. infantum and L. braziliensis causing distinct human diseases revealed marked sequence conservation and synteny (e.g. more than 99% of genes between the three genomes were syntenic and conservation within coding sequences was 82 94%) [ 20].
Figure 3 shows clearly that the marked sequence conservation between the microsporidian RNA helicase and the S1 RNA helicases is present also in the functional domain of the proteins.
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Genomic DNA that has been transferred between reproductively isolated species is marked by much higher sequence conservation than the remainder of the genome.
This motif also marks the end of sequence conservation among members within TIGR03793.
These sites have a high degree of sequence conservation and are also marked by H3K4me1, consistent with a potential function as distal cis-regulatory elements.
We were unable to find specific differences in genomic location, sequence content, sequence conservation, or histone marks, in comparison to tDMPs for other tissues.
Sequence conservation is plotted beneath the alignment and conserved residues marked and color-coded according to the default CustalX settings.
Secondly, besides sequence conservation they depict a conserved secondary structure.
Current methods of identifying regulatory elements, such as promoters or enhancers, typically rely on sequence conservation, existing gene annotations or specific marks, such as histone modifications and p300 binding methods, each of which has its own biases.
The VISTA project has tested 435 elements from the mouse genome chosen for their high degree of sequence conservation across species and/or ChIP-seq evidence for putative enhancer marks.
It is likely that a combination of chromatin marks [37], [47], bound proteins [39], DNaseI hypersentivity [48], three-dimensional structure [46] and sequence conservation criteria along with other yet unknown parameters will be required to improve the prediction of regulatory elements.
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