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However, this approach will definitely increase the number of required marked packets for path reconstruction.
The path reconstruction process needs to get marked packets from all routers among the attack path.
If the attacker is aware of the existing PPM marking process in the network, he/she may send fake marked packets to the victim.
Secondly, the compromised routers can prepare and send fake marked packets that can most likely prevent the victim to trace back to the attack source.
The empirical results show that the novel DFM technique can reduce the number of marked packets by 91% compared to the DPM, while achieving the same or better performance in terms of its ability to trace back the attack.
Since there is no more sign in the dist field, in a situation when there are several attack paths, it is difficult for the victim to identify which marked packets belong to which router because there are lots of routers in the same distance to the victim.
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Yaar et al. [16] have proposed a method of encoding path identification by marking packets with path fingerprints.
It would therefore be sensible to mark packets of short-lived flows so as to offer them a greater level of protection.
As a matter of fact it is possible for AAQM to notify congestion by either discarding packets or by marking packets using the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) [19].
The paper shows that an aggregated source can maintain state of individual flows at the edge of the network and utilize this state effectively in adaptively marking packets of individual flows to meet their QoS goals.
Therefore, we argue the use of TCP-friendly building blocks and fairness modules in the Diffserv architecture regarding these issues, and propose two markers system (TMS) that is able to properly mark packets and fairly share the bandwidth to each flow for their targeted sending rates.
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