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Prominent features of this arthritic lesion were the marked bone erosion, especially in the area of the bone and cartilage junction where marked synovial proliferation was seen with evidence of significant angiogenesis (Fig. 1e).
Synovitis and bone destruction around the MTP joints of the sections were scored as follows: synovitis 0 = not obvious, 1 = synovitis < 0.2 mm at maximum thickness, 2 = synovitis > 0.2 mm at maximum thickness; bone destruction 0 = not obvious, 1 = obvious bone erosion, 2 = marked bone erosion associated with penetration of pannus into the marrow space.
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As well as inducing marked synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis and inflammation as described previously [ 20, 21], marked bone erosions were also evident.
The ESCISIT task force [ 36] postulated that erosive hand OA targets interphalangial joints in the hand and shows radiographic subchondral erosion, which may progress to marked bone and cartilage attrition, instability and bony ankylosis.
Both of these combinations induced marked bone damage and markedly increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleate cell staining in the synovium and at the front of bone erosions.
Dashed lines mark bone marrow (bm), compact bone (cb), growth plate (gp) and metaphyseal (mp) bone regions.
TLR4 KO mice showed also a marked reduction in bone erosion compared with WT mice, although this reduction was not significant.
Radiographic assessment of bilateral second to fourth MTP joints was carried out using the following scoring systems: for soft tissue swelling 0 = not obvious, 1 = mild, 2 = marked; and for bone erosion 0 = not obvious, 1 = erosion < 0.3 mm in diameter, 2 = erosion > 0.3 mm in diameter.
Scores ranged from 0 (normal) to a maximum of 5 (severe infiltration of inflammatory cells for inflammation, full thickness defect in the cortical bone, and marked trabecular bone loss for bone erosion).
As shown in Figures 2 and 3c,f, bone erosion was more marked in Mmp8-/ mice than in wildtype mice (P = 0.04 by Mann-Whitney U test).
No significant change was seen in bone erosion score.
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