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The histone H3K36 methylation mark is associated with coding regions of actively transcribed genes, yet it plays a negative role during transcription elongation.
Conversely, the presence of the H3K27me3 mark is associated with gene repression [3].
It has been shown that LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) directly interacts with FT chromatin and represses FT expression [36], [37], [38]; in addition, recent whole-genome analysis of H3K27 trimethylation in Arabidopsis has revealed that this repressive mark is associated with FT chromatin [39].
Depending on density and position, this mark is associated with gene inactivation, and the formation of heterochromatin.
The histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark is associated with a permissive chromatin state, whereas H3K27me3 is suppressive.
The monomethyled H3K27me1 mark is enriched at actively transcribed promoters whereas the trimethylated H3K27me3 mark is associated with silenced promoters.
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The H3K27me3 mark was associated in several systems to facultative HC defined here as genomic regions that have the opportunity to adopt an open or a compact conformation within defined temporal or spatial constraints [36].
Of note, downregulation of HER-2 by induced H3K9 methylation mark was associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and clonogenicity.
Up to 4-fold induced H3K9me2 mark was associated with up to 54 ± 2.9% downregulation of HER-2 expression (P<0.0001).
ChIP-seq enrichments for H3K27me3 showed little correspondence with signals from all other ChIP libraries (data not shown), yet this repressive mark was associated with some AML1-ETO regulated genes including CXCR4 and HCK (Additional file 7: Figure S6).
Metabolic regulation of histone marks is associated with diverse biological processes through dynamically modulating chromatin structure and functions.
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