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Note that only in the case of a direct maritime connection, the effective (computed) maritime distance coincides with sea distance.
Our reference empirical model is the standard gravity model of international trade augmented by the inclusion of our maritime connection variables.
The empirical investigations unequivocally show that lacking a direct maritime connection with a trade partner is associated with lower values of exports; any additional transshipment is associated with a 40% lower value of bilateral exports.
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The country has maritime connections with many countries, and the port of Constanţa, which has undergone major expansion, plays a large role in the national economy.
The first priority is regional integration: the countries hope to improve air and maritime connections and court foreign investment to improve infrastructure links.
Although it's not quite a resort, the town's maritime connections with the continent mean a steady drip of visitors along its L-shaped Ha'penny Pier (so called because of the halfpenny toll charged when it opened in 1853), and esplanade, where pensioners sit three to a bench.
Both variables are a reflection of the country pair in the network of maritime connections.
Despite this growing participation of developing countries in seaborne trade, evidence on maritime connections suggests that, except for few of them such as China, they may have not reached their full potential.
In the present paper we have constructed a network of maritime connections thanks to the data extracted from the Lloyd's Shipping Index, a database containing information on daily movements of ships of almost the entire world fleet.
Using a gravity model approach based on a novel dataset on maritime connections for a sample of 178 countries collected over the 2006 2012 period finds that the absence of a direct connection is associated with a drop in exports value varying between 42 and 55%.
Fugazza et al. (2013) find that the average number of direct maritime connections, meaning without involving any transhipment of the transported goods between the country of origin and their destination, is half for developing countries than what it is for developed ones.
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