Such estimation, using sustainability indicators of hydropower projects, enables us to understand marginal trade-offs among economic, environmental and social objectives of hydropower development.
In marginal trade-offs between investments in, say, physical capital or advertising, whose returns are more quantifiable, R&D loses out.
The £100m whack from Debs can be filed as an investment loss but it is also money that could have been spent trying to grab marginal trade from the main UK competitor.
When compared against the marginal trade-off for the NHS as a whole the cost-effectiveness threshold the ICER gives a broad indication of whether spending additional money on hip arthroplasty appears efficient.
Under asymmetric information, we derive necessary conditions for the marginal damage trading ratios to be optimal, illustrate that the marginal damage trading ratios are generally not optimal, and show how to improve efficiency using optimal trading ratios.
These began with a marked growth in the previously marginal slave trade, particularly at first in the Kilwa region, more especially from 1780 to 1810 as a result of French demand for slaves in Mauritius and Bourbon.
Indeed, the U.K. is now a fringe player in deciding a European growth strategy; marginal to trade debates that it used to lead; and, despite being a big lender, almost irrelevant to the future of Greece.
We consider Nash-implementation of loss-free, average cost, marginal cost, voluntary trading, and quantity-taking pricing equilibrium allocations in economies involving increasing returns to scale or more general types of non-convexities.
The main coefficient of interest, φ, on the interaction term, (Δ t Trade k * Conc k ), captures the marginal effect of trade on concentrated industries relative to competitive industries.
If the PR industry is to continue expanding its role as a conduit to the media, and through them, the general public, we must work harder to shift the perception and reality of the craft from that of a marginal or dubious trade to a mature profession.
