Here we report that a butterfly, Lopinga achine, with broad-spectrum reflective white scales in its marginal eyespot pupils deceives a generalist avian predator, the blue tit, to attack the marginal eyespots, but only under particular conditions in our experiments, low light intensities with a prominent UV component.
Light reaching the earth around sunrise and sunset is typically predominated by shorter wavelengths (<450 nm) [28] and this shift towards shorter wavelengths is known to increase the brightness contrast between a white coloration, such as that of the pupil of the marginal eyespots, and the background [29].
Social mobility is a problem that cannot be fixed by a marginal increase in school funding for poorer pupils.
The differences in the reported mean score for participation in school decisions and rules, school activities and school events scales among pupils in HPS and NHPS were marginal and not statistically significant.
First, it tends to be calculated on marginal differences: as in, does a class of 32 pupils really achieve differently from one of 28?
This corresponds to the marginal ray angle u a = −0.036352 rad at the pupil such that y0 = 1 mm.
Here we can read the artist's marginal notes to his most enduring masterpieces; workaday memos to assistants and pupils; poetry and letters; and achingly personal expressions of ambition and despair surely meant for nobody's eyes but his own.
Referring to media reports after the trial that Bailey's killer had been involved in a previous incident in which he had allegedly thrown rocks at and injured a fellow pupil while at primary school, Lowe described this as having "marginal significance".
Only 3% of grammar school pupils receive free school meals, and even these will gain only a marginal uplift in GCSE grades.
History, says the QCA, plays "an increasingly marginal role" in both primary and secondary schools, because of "a perception that it has only limited relevance to many pupils' future working lives".
