Through exclusion or 'technologies of invisibility', as Biehl shows in an analysis of AIDS treatment in Brazil [ 31], the most marginal population groups become 'absent things'.
Previous studies have shown that deaths from ill-defined conditions are more common in ethnic minorities [ 9], among old people living alone and in very marginal population groups, such as homeless people [ 13, 14].
Hence, this study argues for a need for the Vietnamese health system to focus on service levels in remote areas of the country and to change the approach to marginal population groups in Vietnam to increase their trust in and use of government health services.
Table 2 Marginal effects of remittances (1/0) on secondary school enrollment (1/0) Population group Probit IV-probit Bivariate probit Obs.
Those schools have to consider integration differently because they are assimilating a marginal population with the larger study body.
Group II consisted of all the marginal populations from Israel (west marginal populations: Amirim, Nesher, Beit-Oren, Daliyya, Bat-Shelomo, Kabara, and Givat-Koach; south-east marginal population: Gitit, Mt. Gerizim, Mt. Gilboa, Kokhav-Hashahar, Taiyiba, Bet-Meir, Sanbedriyya, and Jaba; and north marginal population: Hermon) and Turkey populations (W. Siverek, E. Siverk, N. Diyarbakir).
Combinations excluding marginal populations were also explored to investigate any contribution these groups may have on the regional haplogroup profile distribution.
These observations are consistent with a recent bottleneck and a reduced effective population size of these marginal populations.
Recent species-wide selective sweeps are rare, and potentially deleterious mutations are more common in marginal populations.
That is devastating for marginal populations, because it means that the cycle of poverty persists.
Identity is among the thorniest challenges for governments to solve, particularly for marginal populations like the homeless or refugees.
