In the marginal perspective, beta GEE produced nearly identical estimates to the LMM, however, differences could be observed with respect to standard errors, especially in the ICF stroke data (Table 4).
The impact of longer time horizon to the assessment question (the cost-effectiveness of treating a particular 25 cm AK field) would be marginal from the perspective of current data, and would potentially have a negative risk benefit ratio (i.e., the risks due to inherent major modeling assumptions could potentially bias the results).
For example, increasing the coverage to 100% generated only a moderate decrease in the cost per life-year gained (US $23,658 in a health care perspective and US $17,775 in a societal perspective); a marginal change in the cost-effectiveness ratio was also observed when vaccine coverage was decreased to 80%.
From an automotive perspective, the marginal cost of adapting vehicles to utilize ethanol is well below $100 and the big three U.S. automakers plan to have flex-fuel technology in 50% of their new car fleet by 2012.
But from a systems perspective, the marginal cost of health information technology in low-volume settings will be high relative to benefit, both financially and in terms of workflow modification and associated risks [8].
In adopting a cultural economic perspective on marginal regions, the paper illustrates the significance of symbolic forms of value, the potentially flexible nature of marginality as a discursive category, and the importance of the networks which connect regions to national and international flows of capital and tourists.
The second approach, marginal allocation, reflects the perspective that the corn ethanol plant exists to produce corn ethanol; corn oil recovery is a marginal operation.
Patients may be reluctant to respond to an improvement in the corresponding EQ-5D dimensions because the improvements may be considered marginal from the patient perspective.
Anyway, the point here is not to claim that gender perspectives remain of marginal interest within the climate change studies or in the Arctic research on climate change and human health.
From a public health perspective, even a marginal reduction could be worth it, Koper argued, since the medical and social cost of a single gunshot injury is substantial.
