Periodontal diseases are currently diagnosed almost entirely by their clinical manifestations, including attachment and bone loss, pocket formation, marginal bleeding, suppuration and bleeding on probing (BOP) [ 10].
Patients were screened for periodontal diseases by radiographic evidence of bone loss, or with visible plaque, marginal bleeding, bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm at two or more sites [ 14, 15].
Marginal gingival bleeding was recorded with GI [ 29].
In a retrospective study, no difference could be found when comparing the clinical performance (survival rate, marginal bone loss, presence of bleeding, and probing depth) of turned versus oxide-coated surface implants after 5 years of loading [11].
Peri-implantitis was defined as a loss of marginal bone ≥2 mm in combination with bleeding and/or suppuration on probing and a peri-implant probing depth ≥5 mm [32].
Only 1.9% of the implants showed significant marginal bone loss (> 3 mm) together with bleeding on probing and suppuration.
In keeping with the philosophy of TSS, only pathological tissue is removed (marginal osteophytes, geodes, capsule, cartilage to the point of bleeding, pulvinar).
Peri-implantitis, gingivitis, increased probing depth, bleeding on probing, and progressive loss of marginal bone support at the buccal aspect of the implant have also been reported in implants [22,24,26,27].
Some positive effects (reduction in pocket depth and bleeding on probing) were found, but the marginal effect of quarterly PI over annual PI was small.
In keeping with the minimally invasive philosophy, only pathological tissue is removed (marginal osteophytes, geodes, joint capsule, cartilage to the point of bleeding and pulvinar).
Implant survival and peri-implant hard- and soft-tissue health were analyzed to determine the manifestations of peri-mucositis by analysis of bleeding on probing (BOP) or peri-implantitis by analysis of marginal bone loss.
