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The proposed uncertainty design method that provides a quantified margin of design output can be an alternative to traditional deterministic methods that simply add safety factor to expected design value.
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The maximum potential benefit from operation optimization is determined by the distances between current operating point and process constraints, which is related to the margins of design variables.
With the analysis on how the margins of design variables influence the economic benefit and control performance, the bottlenecks of process design are found and appropriate control structure can be selected.
Equations for additional margins of design lateral pressure coefficient and/or safety factors against sliding and overturning for the wall, expressed as a function of maximum foundation settlement, are proposed to substantiate the safety evaluation of soil retaining walls situated on a deformable foundation.
Current geometric design guides provide deterministic standards where the safety margin of the design output is generally unknown and there is little knowledge of the safety implications of deviating from these standards.
These include problems such as the safety margin of the design parameters of the fans and pumps, intensity difference in the feeding medium and cavitation erosion.
In these standards the safety margin of the design output is generally unknown and there is little knowledge of the safety implications of deviating from the standards.
It is therefore desirable to increase the order of the Wilks' formula to be higher than the second-order to estimate the reliable safety margin of the design features.
The following assumptions were made: 95% confidence, 5% margin of error, design effect of 2, and 62.6% prevalence rate from previous studies [ 12].
A total of 792 subjects were enrolled in the study, considering 95% confidence, 5% margin of error, design effect of 2, 62.6% prevalence rate from previous studies [ 12] and 10% non-response rate.
Sample size adequate for estimating the prevalence of ZD was computed using single proportion sample size calculation formula with the inputs of 95% confidence level, 5% of margin of error, design effect of 2, non-response rate of 10% and expected prevalence of ZD of 72% [ 6].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com