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Southwest, often cited as a role model for low-cost carriers, eked out a slim net profit margin equivalent to just 1.9 percent of its revenue.
Cutoffs rely on 1.4826 times the median absolute deviation (MAD = median[abs(X – median[ X])]) such that they define a margin equivalent to one standard deviation from the median.
To calculate a sample size for the primary OS endpoint, a difference of ≤7.5% in OS at two years between the two arms has been assumed to be an acceptable non-inferiority margin (equivalent to a hazard ratio of 0.806).
This motivated Redfern et al. to correlate the degree of hERG-block with human clinical TdP risk, establishing the need for a safety margin equivalent to a 30-fold difference between effective therapeutic plasma concentrations of a drug and the concentration that causes 50% hERG-block (IC50).
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Margin loans equivalent to one-fifth the value of listed stocks poised the market on a tall but shaky scaffolding.
Businesses typically identified cost savings of £913, which at a 10% profit margin is equivalent to increasing sales by £9000.
As shown in Figure 1, the margin is equal to 2/|| ω||; therefore, finding the hyperplanes that separate the data samples with different labels that have the maximal margin is equivalent to solving the following constrained optimization problem: (2) with the constraints, (3) where C>0 is a penalty parameter and ξ >0 is a slack variable.
We set a maximum misclassification of one animal out of four in both control and test groups (i.e., specificity and sensitivity equals 0.75), and applied a margin of ?0.585 (equivalent to ?1.5-fold change).
Maximizing the margin is therefore equivalent to minimizing: (1) subject to the constraints: (2) As a constrained optimization problem, the above formulation can be reduced to minimization of a Lagrange function, consisting of the sum of the objective function and the m constraints multiplied by their respective Lagrange multipliers, (that satisfy ).
The maximum-margin classifier is the discriminate function that maximizes the geometric margin 1/||w||, which is equivalent to minimizing ||w||2.
Mr. Obama's 5.6 percentage point margin in New Hampshire is equivalent to 4.4 percentage points after accounting for the state's extreme "swinginess," for instance.
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