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For example, maps of subnational administrative features included an undefined and incomplete data set of roads.
Later, we planned a 2012 campaign by performing a simple comparison of potential campaign site locations with HIV prevalence in Iringa and Njombe using maps of subnational administrative boundaries.
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There is another line of argument for explaining the stronger involvement of subnational political entities in international activities.
As the size and responsibilities of subnational governments grew, however, most mayors objected to the centralization of power, known as the tutelle ("supervision").
This article focuses on the design of subnational gender quotas in Argentina and Mexico and its connection with women's representation.
Indicators at the national level allow the comparison between countries, and indicators at the provincial, state, or county level allow comparison of subnational areas according to data availability.
On the other hand, this article has advocated the up to now rather unexplored view of subnational comparison in a federal state.
Tranchant (2008) looks at fiscal decentralization, which is captured by the share of subnational expenditures in general government spending collected by the International Monetary Fund.
Quebec and California have linked their carbon markets, creating North America's largest cap-and-trade system, becoming the first example of subnational jurisdictions in different countries launching a joint market.
In particular, further research could help understand the functioning of subnational coordination structures and their effects on programmatic coordination since the evidence at subnational level from these and other studies remains weaker than that at national level.
Spatially explicit maps of forest carbon, or carbon geographies, allow for multi-stakeholder engagement at subnational levels [6].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com