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Fig. 1 Injection rate and hypocenter maps for microseismic events.
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We employed high-resolution mapping of microseismic events as well as a new method to determine the presence or absence of water in fractured rocks using the scattering of direct P-waves.
For microseismic analysis, particularly for fracture inversion, uncertainties are common and are associated with the collected microseismic data themselves and formation properties such as velocity analysis result.
Accurate and dependable picking of the first arrival time for microseismic data is an important part in microseismic monitoring, which directly affects analysis results of post-processing.
This paper presents a new method based on approximate negentropy (AN) theory for microseismic arrival time picking in condition of much lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
This study uses ray tracing to obtain travel times for microseismic events and perforation shots.
Calibrating a velocity model for microseismic event location requires accurate information about perforation shots.
Therefore, we infer that the final velocity model is suitable for microseismic event locations.
However, due to many limitations of microseismic monitoring operations, we do not expect to obtain an accurate velocity model from only one perforation shot; this implies a certain risk for microseismic events located far from the perforation.
Therefore, we conclude that the velocity model obtained by our method is suitable for microseismic event location.
We use the velocity model with the smallest relative location errors as the basis for microseismic location.
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