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The 'Repeats map' was developed using Perl, MISA and Blastn [ 39] programs for identifying similarities among the sequences and mapping the repeats.
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This suggested that approximately one third of the B. tryoni genome consists of repetitive DNA (~31.4% of reads mapped to the repeats with mapping quality q > 20, NM = 4.9 where NM is the SAM flag indicating the number of mismatches).
Mapping the contigs to the repeat library gave 40,559,402 BLAST hits with identity higher than 78%.
All human promoters not mapped in the first step (i.e. orthology mapping) were mapped to the repeat-masked target genome and only those promoters mapped uniquely to the target genome were reported.
Prior to mapping, the repeat regions in the reference genome were masked using RepeatMasker [ 30].
Given the variable number of residues at the N-terminal end of these units, sequence databases tend to map the repeats of WD-proteins between GH and WD dipeptides for convenience.
Thereby, we mapped the piRNAs to repeats (shown in Figure 3).
Reads mapped on the repeated regions were discarded.
First, CAGE tags were mapped at the repeat-masked human genome, thus excluding so-called "GC-rich low-complexity regions" and simple repeats such as (CCCCG n.
The unmapped promoters were then re-mapped to the repeat-masked target genome using blastn with the following modified parameters: −penalty −3 -reward 1 -gapopen 3 -gapextend 3. Promoters were considered single mappers if they were uniquely mapped.
Mouse promoters were derived from FANTOM5 CAGE data in the same way as that described for the human promoters and were mapped to the repeat-masked mouse genome (mm9) as downloaded from Ensembl (API 67).
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