Native (d) and post-contrast (e) T1 mapping scans were also performed using a modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence with a 1.5 T scanner (MAGNETOM Avanto; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), showing abnormally elevated extracellular volume within the mid-inferior segment (36.7 %).
Stimuli for the SF mapping scans were whole-screen grayscale sine-wave gratings, ranging from 0.05 to 7 cpd.
Data from the retinotopic mapping scans were used to define the borders between areas V1, V2, V3/Vp, and V3a/V4v in each hemisphere (Engel et al. 1994; Sereno et al. 1995) (see Fig. 1).
The dummy volumes from each scan run were discarded, and the remaining images from the main experiment, stimulus-localizer scans and retinotopic mapping scans were realigned and coregistered to the individual's T1 structural image, with the use of the full-brain EPI images and additional structural scan as intermediate steps.
Each EPI and field map scan was aligned directly to the reference 3D volume anatomy using a robust intensity-based alignment procedure ([26]; results for one subject are shown in Figure 2).
Linkage maps and QTL scans were drawn using MapChart v. 2.1 [ 29].
Then segmentation was performed using prior tissue probability maps and all scans were segmented into cerebro-spinal fluid and gray and WM, using Jacobian determinants for the nonlinear warping modulation.
To further confirm the heterogeneous core/shell geometry of the as-prepared α-NaGdF4/β-NaYF4 crysthes, the local elemental mapping by EDX line scans were carried out to address the composition across of the nanocrystals.
Recently, Thorwarth et al. presented a study where dynamic (mapping of perfusion) and static (mapping of hypoxia) F-MISO scans were obtained in 15 patients with head-and-neck cancers who were subsequently treated with chemoradiation [ 48].
In some scenarios, several separated QTLs from the GWA scans were mapped to a single linkage-defined QTL region.
