For example, in Norway, which represents the most diverse and pristine region, a mapping programme was only started in 2007 and only 10 papers dealing with the general ecology of eelgrass have been published between 1998 and 2010.
Difference of the distribution pattern of the read depth in each mapping programme also suggests that combination use of several programmes is more adequate (Supplemental Fig. S1).
When the find was made, the government, supported by Unesco, announced that a nationwide groundwater mapping programme would be launched, to locate similar aquifers in the country.
Last year, together with OpenStreetMap's Map Kibera, UNICEF launched a youth-led digital mapping pilot programme in the Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya.
From the maker's point of view, interesting exceptions in Europe are, for instance, the German, Austrian, Dutch, Spanish, and Italian national geomorphological mapping programmes.
At the same time there are still limited resources spent on either national or regional geomorphological mapping programmes compared to geological, soil, land cover mapping programmes.
Digital mapping It all started when 20 students from the CEG school in Maroantsetra, including Emedianna, were introduced to the Voices of Youth Maps programme, which has been rolled out in three Malagasy towns: Maroantsetra, Toamasina and Ranomafana.
As the accompanying map suggests, Saddam Hussein's aggressive drainage programme in the 1990s, which had the dual purpose or reclaiming land and pursuing rebels hiding in the waterways, turned much of the marshland into desert, depopulating the area.
Harper said the maps were evidence of a global military mapping project that was similar to the American Corona satellite programme in the 1960s.
