Maps of subsurface hydrogeologic heterogeneity are generated for the purpose of examining groundwater flow and transport processes at the Faultless underground nuclear test, Central Nevada Test Area (CNTA), through large-scale, three-dimensional numerical modeling.
Another main thrust of research activities based at M.A.R.S. pertains to the detection, mapping, and quantification of subsurface ice deposits.
Accurate 2-D and 3-D reconstructions and maps of the subsurface are needed in hydrostratigraphy, hydrogeology and geotechnical studies.
(About a third of Shell's capital spending goes to North America). The tools of the trade have grown more sophisticated over time, with computer-aided seismic surveys that can give exploration companies detailed three-dimensional, multicolored maps of the subsurface.
The stations will collect seismic data for two years, which will be used to create a map of the subsurface in the area that can be used for interpretation.
"We search the map for a positioning match based on the rough GPS location and the speed of the vehicle". Once a GPR has scanned an entire roadway, it creates a map of the subsurface strata that can determine the location of a vehicle within a few centimeters.
The high power solar arrays that power the Xenon ion engines can also power a radar which could provide a global map of the subsurface ice on Mars.
The integration of Aeromagnetic data and remotely sensed imagery with the intents of mapping the subsurface geological structures in part of the South-western basement complex of Nigeria was developed using the PCI Geomatica Software.
In particular, the potential of the low frequency domain (1 2 GHz) of L-band spaceborne SAR, when compared to applications of shorter wavelengths of C, S and X band SAR, is obvious for the purpose of subsurface mapping.
Ganerød et al. (2006) compared among 2D resistivity, refraction seismic, and VLF for subsurface mapping of faults and fracture zones and showed that 2D resistivity data are most valuable for interpreting geological structures in the subsurface.
