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Identification and mapping of repetitive elements is a key step for accurate gene prediction and overall structural annotation of genomes.
Indeed, this karyomorphic differentiation in E. erythrinus has now been corroborated by our FISH mapping of repetitive DNA sequences (Fig. 4).
Paired-end reads can be used to identify small-scale genomic rearrangements, such as insertions and deletions, and they aid mapping of repetitive regions of the genome.
It has been reported that the longer Roche 454 reads as compared to the Illumina reads, results in an improvement in mapping of repetitive regions [ 32].
Physical mapping of repetitive DNA revealed an unusual accumulation of LINE-1 sequences on centromeric regions, probably associated with the chromosomal dynamics of this genus.
Whole genome resequencing studies, genome-wide analysis, transposon-based sequencing strategies and fine mapping of repetitive sequences can elucidate the structure, evolution, and functional potential of this enigmatic yet indispensable component of the genome.
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We compared DHBS maps of repetitive elements in the developing zygote, the early embryo, and primordial germ cells (PGCs) at defined stages of development.
Size distribution of mapped reads revealed a general tendency to mapping on repetitive regions irrespective of the sequence size (Fig. 4).
In addition, sequence assembly and mapping of large repetitive centromeric regions, as well as comparative genome analyses offer insight into their complex organization and evolution.
Other issues include biases resulting from the mapping of highly repetitive regions (Treangen and Salzberg 2011) and biases inherent in the sequencing protocol, for example, GC bias (Dohm et al. 2008) and PCR amplification bias (Aird et al. 2011).
It is possible that lack of coverage and mapping to repetitive regions and members of PE and PPE gene families may have resulted in a lower estimated mutation rate.
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