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Nuklearmedizin 2007; 46:252–256. 5. van der Ploeg IM, Valdés Olmos RA, Nieweg OE, Rutgers EJ, Kroon BB, Hoefnagel CA. The additional value of SPECT/CT in lymphatic mapping in breast cancer and melanoma.
18, 19 Therefore, NIR fluorescence imaging has the potential to replace blue dyes in SLN mapping in breast cancer patients.
The first article of blue dye mapping in breast cancer by Guiliano et al was published in 1994 [ 18].
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in breast cancer requires optimized imaging systems and lymphatic tracers.
Several clinical studies have been published on SLN mapping in breast cancer, gastric cancer, and colon cancer, using the clinically available NIR probe indocyanine green.
In summary, this study demonstrated feasibility and accuracy of NIR fluorescence imaging using ICG HSA and the Mini-FLARE imaging system for SLN mapping in breast cancer patients.
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Previous literature supports the effectiveness of TcTM as a SLN mapping agent in breast, melanoma, and head and neck cancers.
Lymphatic mapping started later in breast cancer, and completion node dissection was performed for a longer period of time than in melanoma.
Whereas some authors concluded that the activation of Src kinase, EGF-receptor, and the MAP-kinase Erk1/2 in breast cancer cells lacking ERα is elicited by GPR30 [ 11, 12], other authors predominantly hypothesize the presence of a truncated ERα that localizes at the membrane supported by the scaffolding protein caveolin [ 10].
Bennie G, Vorster M, Buscombe J, Sathekge M. The added value of a single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography in sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with breast cancer and malignant melanoma.
Recently, a prototype of carbon coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO@C) for sentinel lymph nodes mapping in melanoma and breast cancer patient has been developed [ 55].
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