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With the coming of the next generation (massively parallel) sequencing era, the cost of genotyping by sequencing is being progressively reduced, making the diversity determining, map constructing and trait mapping by sequencing feasible in organisms with or without reference genome sequence [ 49].
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Figure 8 is the example of energy map constructed and the energy map M E that can be defined as in Equation (1) where (x, y) represent the current position, the M S is the image after sobel processing.
However, given the relatively small sample size in this study, any missing data will reduce the resolution of the maps constructed and reported.
The literature contains only a few reports describing RAPD [ 7], AFLP [ 8, 9] and SSR [ 10, 11] genotyping, a genetic map constructed with AFLP and RAPD markers [ 12] and a comparative genetic map, based on tomato sequences [ 13].
Genome integrity was verified by a physical map constructed using PFGE and hybridization with 42 single-copy and rDNA probes [ 73].
Therefore, information from the integrated female map constructed with haploid and diploid mothers was used to infer the order and map the male meiosis in the three diploid families (diploid family 1, 2, 3).
This study reports a high density genetic linkage map constructed with oat and wheat SNP markers in the AC Assiniboia/MN841801 RIL population.
However, few interspecific kiwifruit genetic maps have been generated, except a map constructed using microsatellite and amplified fragments length polymorphism (AFLP) markers from a cross between A. chinensis and Actinidia callosa.
Clearly, the SNP bin map constructed is highly accurate and of high quality for gene mapping and QTL identification.
Fig. 4 Genetic linkage map constructed with bin markers and location of QTLs associated with the grain shape and chalkiness traits.
Twenty-six of the newly mapped microsatellite markers had previously been positioned on the genetic linkage map constructed by [ 16], and have been used to integrate the RH map and the genetic map.
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