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The mapping is non-invertible since many sequences fold into the same minimum free energy (secondary) structure or shape.
b Mapping from the sequence space (left) to the phenotypic space (right) is many to few, meaning that many sequences fold into the same secondary structure.
Similar(58)
However, it is probable that many sequences folding to the same secondary structure would have had similar functions, which makes f larger.
Upon inspection of the underlying sequences, they found (a) that there are many-to-few mappings, that is, many different sequences fold into the same stable structure (Fig. 4b) and (b) that these many sequences that fold into same structures are similar.
In the present case, and since mutation and selection operate on different levels, it is not surprising to find that many different sequences fold into the same structure.
The sequences fold on three regions.
In view of the central limit theorems of [ 32], this fact implies the existence of extended (exponentially large) sets of sequences that all fold into one 3-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structure, S. In other words, the combinatorics of 3-noncrossing RNA structures alone implies that there are many sequences mapping (folding) into a single structure.
Motivations: The design of RNA sequences folding into predefined secondary structures is a milestone for many synthetic biology and gene therapy studies.
Many statistical potentials have been proposed [ 12, 14, 15, 19, 24, 25], either to predict the fold of a given sequence (protein folding) or to find a sequence or a set of sequences folding into a given tertiary structure (protein design).
Many sequences had no close relatives.
Secondary structure of 198 HH sequences was predicted and illustrated with the programs MFOLD - using the web based program Quickfold that allows folding of many sequences simultaneously on the DINAMelt server [ 57, 58] - and RNAdraw.
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