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In practice, the primary user usually has no prior information of the secondary users and even has no knowledge of how many secondary users are in a cognitive radio network; therefore, it may incur a large amount of overheads for the primary user to obtain the perfect information about all secondary users.
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Due to the assumption that there is no mutual communication between different secondary users, many traditional MARL techniques like fictitious play [11, 12] and Nash-Q learning [13] cannot be used since they need information exchange among players (e.g., exchanging their action information).
User-centered design (UCD) applications have been developed to assist primary users, such as adolescents, with their weight management, but less is known about the influence of parents as secondary users across many socio-ecological environments.
Many secondary sites argue that most of their users are fans simply trying to sell tickets they can no longer use.
(ii) Region II: in this region, both secondary users prefer accessing channel 1, thus causing many collisions.
In order to design a reliable CR system, many improvements have been proposed to enhance spectrum sensing performance of secondary users (SUs) in a CR network (CRN).
Combining all secondary users of a wood stove into the same group as primary users likely includes many homes with infrequent or episodic HAP exposure.
However, challenges and problems on how to allocate spectrum to different secondary users (SU) with unbalanced spectrum resources and user demands in CRNs still exist which attract many attentions in recent research studies.
The limiting factor for water reuse can in many circumstances be the quality of the water available linked to the treatment processes (technology) and potential hazards for secondary users.
Many secondary schools include self-esteem building in their curriculums.
1x Bongo truck destroyed with many secondary explosions.
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