In an effort to purify the effective components and the pharmacological pathway that leads to the herb's many protective effects, it was found that the terpenoids, especially ginkgolide B, are antagonists of PAFR [PAF (platelet-activating factor) receptor] [ 12].
Opioid receptors, especially KOR, have many cardiovascular protective effects, such as reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, anti-arrhythmia function and attenuating hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension [ 12, 41, 42].
The PRIME-Alcohol model effectively demonstrates the potential impact of population usual alcohol consumption on chronic disease mortality, bringing together a wide range of risk and protective effects of alcohol, including the increased risks of many cancers and the protective effect of low-to-moderate consumption on CVD.
This is likely to be the mode of action of many polyphenolic compounds found in plant extracts, which probably explains many of the "protective" effects of plant extracts when they are preincubated with venom before administration to the biological assay [ 32, 33].
Many epidemiological studies indicate a protective effect of vitamin D on colon cancer.
Heparin is being widely used in controlled release systems due to its strong binding ability and protective effect for many growth factor proteins.
Many previous literatures showed the protective effect of VE against DM intoxication [ 58– 60].
Such a lasting protective effect offers many potential benefits that may be applied clinically.
On the contrary, there are many reports on a possible protective effect of a high consumption of fruit and vegetables against DNA-damage [ 77].
Because of its sustained duration (30 90 min) and the limitation of traditional surgical IPC in clinical application (i.e., clamping the aorta many times before blocking), the protective effect of preconditioning induced by opioid δ-receptor agonist(s) has been indicated [ 3].
