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Animal experiments fail because no matter how many physiologic similarities there may be between other animals and humans, there are just too many differences.
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As it may affect many physiologic processes and responses, hypothermia itself is commonly suspected to promote these events (Fig. 2) [87].
Apoptosis, often defined as programmed cell death, plays a very important role in many physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a major structural protein of caveolae, is involved in many physiologic and patho-physiologic processes such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancers.
Nonhuman primates are widely used in biomedical research because of their genetic, anatomic, and physiologic similarities to humans.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in many physiologic and pathogenic processes.
The mPRα receptor has been associated with many physiologic functions in vertebrates.
Animals undergo substantial changes in many physiologic and biochemical functions as a natural consequence of aging.
Although many physiologic systems are influenced by acute and chronic stress, there is relatively little consensus on optimal biomarkers to capture physiologic changes with acute or chronic stress.
Elements of randomness also underlie most experimental settings and the interpretation of the many physiologic and biochemical measurements.
Owing to the dramatic genetic and physiologic similarities to human, non-human primates represent the most ideal experimental models for basic and applied biomedical research.
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