Finally, a epigenetic component may be involved in many TE-mediated phenotypic variations [ 41].
Often, it is the interaction of many genes that causes phenotypic variations.
Cultivars contain specific sequence blocks in their chromosomes, which may be associated with artificially selected phenotypic variations from many generations of breeding.
However, with few exceptions [ 13, 15, 17, 24], the discovered genetic variants with significant main effects account for only a small fraction of clinically important phenotypic variations for many traits [ 5, 28].
Naïve CD4 T cells show unimodal distribution for many phenotypic properties, suggesting that the variation is caused by intrinsic stochasticity, although underlying variation due to subsets created by different histories of microenvironmental interactions remains possible.
Some of these concepts complement the modern synthesis for example, the concept that many types of phenotypic variation are derived from the effects of genetic variation on development (Carroll et al., 2001; Carroll, 2005; Arthur, 2011).
Differences in exposure to sex hormones during early life also result in variation in many phenotypic characteristics among individuals of the same sex [6], [8], [17].
This dependence upon pH may explain the incomplete penetrance and the wide phenotypic variations observed in many families carrying the p.R337H mutation.
As a result, populations from different geographical regions have distinct genetic profiles in certain genetic loci, many of which lead to substantial phenotypic variations.
There are many phenotypic features of organisms that show no variation between individuals belonging to the same species or are even constant among many related species.
