"Perhaps many pathways are involved," says Vadim Gladyshev, a cancer biologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, who helped to sequence the animal's genome in 2011.
Many pathways are involved in resistance, mostly resulting from over-expression of growth factor membrane receptors, in particular the HER2/ErbB2 which can be inhibited by specific antibodies or tyrosine kinases inhibitors.
Many pathways are still open - it is just that the quality of players from the continent arriving in the Premier League is set to be the creme de la creme - adding to the riches already provided by Didier Drogba, Yaya Toure and Michael Essien among others.
This assumption may not hold since many pathways are defined based on observed protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, metabolic fluxes, and subsets of particularly well-studied genes.
In the total of 540 autosomal sex differentially affected genes, eight functional groups including many pathways are involved, from DNA transcription, RNA splicing, membrane, trans-membrane, cell to cell adhesion, to ion transporter, etc.
Overall, these data suggest that there is a dynamic regulation of mRNA expression during the early stages of infection and that while many pathways are induced at later times after infection (D21), mRNAs belonging to the host heat shock proteins are induced early and likely contribute to stabilization of protein induced in response to infection-related stress.
Evidence in many pathways is not always present and, if present, is not always high level, widely applicable or robust.
In addition, many pathways were highly-ranked in only a strict subset of the cell lines.
The identification of many pathways is a new finding.
Overall, 1,413 genes and many pathways were revealed to be differentially regulated.
Many pathways were significantly enriched at one or several of the time points.
