Memory CD4 T cells are a critical component of protective immunity to disease [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] as well as many pathological immune responses [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].
In an effort to identify the regulatory molecules that act on SHMT-2, we focused on miRNAs, which affect many biological and pathological responses by targeting key functional genes.
It is expressed in myoblasts and fibroblasts, within normal muscle tissue, and is over-expressed in the ECM in many pathological conditions in response to various initiating factors such as those occurring during inflammation, myopathies, muscle atrophy, and excessive exercise [36].
Furthermore, INaL enhancement, occurring in many pathological conditions as a general response to cell stress, can profoundly alter intracellular ionic homeostasis with consequences on contractile function, electrical stability and cell fate.
Oxidative stress has been shown to participate in the modulation of inflammatory responses of the many pathological states [ 35, 36].
ROS play an important role in cellular signalling, immune response and take part in many pathological processes.
Cellular GSH concentrations are markedly reduced in response to protein malnutrition, oxidative stress, and many pathological conditions and can sensitize cells to apoptosis.
We applied this method to NF-κB, a family of dimeric transcription factors that plays central roles in immune responses, cell survival and aging, and its dysregulation is linked to many pathological states.
In many pathological conditions including cancer the ratio is observed as altered [ 41, 42], distinct responses to chemotherapeutic drugs have prompted cellular GSH modulation as target for cancer chemotherapy [ 43].
Many pathological processes (such as trauma, pancreatitis, burns and major surgery) can produce a SIRS response, leading to sepsis, if an infection is super-imposed.
