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However, there are many pathogens, such as mold, that proliferate in higher humidity conditions.
Silver nanoparticle has a natural antimicrobial effect against many pathogens such as bacteria, fungus, viruses, and yeast.
In hypoxic niches within a host, FNR can activate the expression of cytolysin in many pathogens, such as E. coli and Salmonella (Lithgow et al. 2007; Fuentes et al. 2008).
Bio-agents can induce resistance against various diseases caused by many pathogens such as viruses (Maurhofer et al. 1994), bacteria (Park and Kloepper 2000) and fungi (Bokhari and Perveen 2012).
In the absence of these organisms that co-evolved with us, people living in industrialized nations developed a defect in their immune regulation, says microbiologist Graham Rook of University College London, who proposed in 2003 that with urbanization, humans are not exposed to as many pathogens, such as parasites and bacteria in dirty water and mud.
The mucosal surface of the human body covers over 400 m2 and is the site where many pathogens such as influenza virus initiate their replication process.
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It acts as reservoir for many bacterial pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coxiella burnetii, Vibrio cholera, and many others [ 19].
Many plant pathogens such as Enterobacter spp., Pythium spp., and Fusarium spp. can be transmitted by irrigation water.
Since many invasive pathogens, such as Shigella and Yersinia species, hijack the host cytoskeletal system in order to internalize into their target cells, any alterations in the cytoskeletal activity and structure can hinder this internalization process [27].
P-cho occurs as cell-wall-associated and lipotheichoic acid, and is a surface component of many mucosal pathogens, such as Neisseria and H. influenzae.
However, with 32 species represented out of 37 possible, the genus Streptococcus constitutes the highest proportion of bacterial GH38s, including many human pathogens such as S. pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS).
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