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In fact the presence of many paralogues coding for effectors in Oomycete genomes support the idea of a possible functional redundancy [ 23, 31].
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Many paralogues and isoforms of the hnRNPs are generated from alternative splicing of common pre-mRNA.
But there is no reason why some other proteins should not have similar long-branch problems, as many paralogues are deeply divergent and thus have a highly stretched stem on paralogue trees.
Also genes involved in prenyl diphosphate synthesis, such as farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS), also have many paralogues.
The common occurrence of pseudogenes in these BACs is consistent with the two conclusions from other studies: (1) most pine genes have many paralogues or pseudogenes and (2) pine genes are relatively compact.
Here we have identified many transcripts coding for this enzyme.
For many paralogue pairs these problems are worse than most single-gene trees; this arises because most paralogues kept in all descendants of a particular ancestor underwent temporary dramatically elevated rates of change immediately following duplication when their contrasting functions that allowed both to survive originated [ 1].
But many said coding is simply empowering.
As expected, many protein coding genes were under functional constraints.
By the first day of life, this has changed little, but by six days many other paralogues are expressed in the submaxillary and lacrimal glands.
Of the 58 transcripts identified in an early survey of avian NCC cDNAs (23), 95% were also observed in the hNCC SAGE bank; some of these have many human paralogues (Supplementary Material, Table S2).
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